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- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Verbs: Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I: Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases IIIa: Selected clauses/verb phrases (introduction)
- 1.0. Introduction
- 1.1. Main types of verb-frame alternation
- 1.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 1.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 1.4. Some apparent cases of verb-frame alternation
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa: Selected clauses/verb phrases (introduction)
- 4.0. Introduction
- 4.1. Semantic types of finite argument clauses
- 4.2. Finite and infinitival argument clauses
- 4.3. Control properties of verbs selecting an infinitival clause
- 4.4. Three main types of infinitival argument clauses
- 4.5. Non-main verbs
- 4.6. The distinction between main and non-main verbs
- 4.7. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb: Argument and complementive clauses
- 5.0. Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 5.4. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc: Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId: Verb clustering
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I: General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II: Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- 11.0. Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1 and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 11.4. Bibliographical notes
- 12 Word order in the clause IV: Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 14 Characterization and classification
- 15 Projection of noun phrases I: Complementation
- 15.0. Introduction
- 15.1. General observations
- 15.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 15.3. Clausal complements
- 15.4. Bibliographical notes
- 16 Projection of noun phrases II: Modification
- 16.0. Introduction
- 16.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 16.2. Premodification
- 16.3. Postmodification
- 16.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 16.3.2. Relative clauses
- 16.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 16.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 16.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 16.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 16.4. Bibliographical notes
- 17 Projection of noun phrases III: Binominal constructions
- 17.0. Introduction
- 17.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 17.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 17.3. Bibliographical notes
- 18 Determiners: Articles and pronouns
- 18.0. Introduction
- 18.1. Articles
- 18.2. Pronouns
- 18.3. Bibliographical notes
- 19 Numerals and quantifiers
- 19.0. Introduction
- 19.1. Numerals
- 19.2. Quantifiers
- 19.2.1. Introduction
- 19.2.2. Universal quantifiers: ieder/elk ‘every’ and alle ‘all’
- 19.2.3. Existential quantifiers: sommige ‘some’ and enkele ‘some’
- 19.2.4. Degree quantifiers: veel ‘many/much’ and weinig ‘few/little’
- 19.2.5. Modification of quantifiers
- 19.2.6. A note on the adverbial use of degree quantifiers
- 19.3. Quantitative er constructions
- 19.4. Partitive and pseudo-partitive constructions
- 19.5. Bibliographical notes
- 20 Predeterminers
- 20.0. Introduction
- 20.1. The universal quantifier al ‘all’ and its alternants
- 20.2. The predeterminer heel ‘all/whole’
- 20.3. A note on focus particles
- 20.4. Bibliographical notes
- 21 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- 22 Referential dependencies (binding)
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 23 Characteristics and classification
- 24 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 25 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 26 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 27 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 28 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 29 The partitive genitive construction
- 30 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 31 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 32 Characteristics and classification
- 32.0. Introduction
- 32.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 32.2. A syntactic classification of adpositional phrases
- 32.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 32.4. Borderline cases
- 32.5. Bibliographical notes
- 33 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 34 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 35 Syntactic uses of adpositional phrases
- 36 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 32 Characteristics and classification
- Coordination and Ellipsis
- Syntax
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- General
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- General
- Morphology
- Morphology
- 1 Word formation
- 1.1 Compounding
- 1.1.1 Compounds and their heads
- 1.1.2 Special types of compounds
- 1.1.2.1 Affixoids
- 1.1.2.2 Coordinative compounds
- 1.1.2.3 Synthetic compounds and complex pseudo-participles
- 1.1.2.4 Reduplicative compounds
- 1.1.2.5 Phrase-based compounds
- 1.1.2.6 Elative compounds
- 1.1.2.7 Exocentric compounds
- 1.1.2.8 Linking elements
- 1.1.2.9 Separable Complex Verbs and Particle Verbs
- 1.1.2.10 Noun Incorporation Verbs
- 1.1.2.11 Gapping
- 1.2 Derivation
- 1.3 Minor patterns of word formation
- 1.1 Compounding
- 2 Inflection
- 1 Word formation
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Adjectives and adjective phrases (APs)
- 0 Introduction to the AP
- 1 Characteristics and classification of APs
- 2 Complementation of APs
- 3 Modification and degree quantification of APs
- 4 Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative
- 5 Attribution of APs
- 6 Predication of APs
- 7 The partitive adjective construction
- 8 Adverbial use of APs
- 9 Participles and infinitives as APs
- Nouns and Noun Phrases (NPs)
- 0 Introduction to the NP
- 1 Characteristics and Classification of NPs
- 2 Complementation of NPs
- 3 Modification of NPs
- 3.1 Modification of NP by Determiners and APs
- 3.2 Modification of NP by PP
- 3.3 Modification of NP by adverbial clauses
- 3.4 Modification of NP by possessors
- 3.5 Modification of NP by relative clauses
- 3.6 Modification of NP in a cleft construction
- 3.7 Free relative clauses and selected interrogative clauses
- 4 Partitive noun constructions and constructions related to them
- 4.1 The referential partitive construction
- 4.2 The partitive construction of abstract quantity
- 4.3 The numerical partitive construction
- 4.4 The partitive interrogative construction
- 4.5 Adjectival, nominal and nominalised partitive quantifiers
- 4.6 Kind partitives
- 4.7 Partitive predication with a preposition
- 4.8 Bare nominal attribution
- 5 Articles and names
- 6 Pronouns
- 7 Quantifiers, determiners and predeterminers
- 8 Interrogative pronouns
- 9 R-pronouns and the indefinite expletive
- 10 Syntactic functions of Noun Phrases
- Adpositions and Adpositional Phrases (PPs)
- 0 Introduction to the PP
- 1 Characteristics and classification of PPs
- 2 Complementation of PPs
- 3 Modification of PPs
- 4 Bare (intransitive) adpositions
- 5 Predication of PPs
- 6 Form and distribution of adpositions with respect to staticity and construction type
- 7 Adpositional complements and adverbials
- Verbs and Verb Phrases (VPs)
- 0 Introduction to the VP in Saterland Frisian
- 1 Characteristics and classification of verbs
- 2 Unergative and unaccusative subjects and the auxiliary of the perfect
- 3 Evidentiality in relation to perception and epistemicity
- 4 Types of to-infinitival constituents
- 5 Predication
- 5.1 The auxiliary of being and its selection restrictions
- 5.2 The auxiliary of going and its selection restrictions
- 5.3 The auxiliary of continuation and its selection restrictions
- 5.4 The auxiliary of coming and its selection restrictions
- 5.5 Modal auxiliaries and their selection restrictions
- 5.6 Auxiliaries of body posture and aspect and their selection restrictions
- 5.7 Transitive verbs of predication
- 5.8 The auxiliary of doing used as a semantically empty finite auxiliary
- 5.9 Supplementive predication
- 6 The verbal paradigm, irregularity and suppletion
- 7 Verb Second and the word order in main and embedded clauses
- 8 Various aspects of clause structure
- Adjectives and adjective phrases (APs)
Projection of verb phrases IIIb:
Argument and complementive clauses
Argument and complementive clauses
quickinfo
- 5.0. Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.1.1. General introduction
- I. The syntactic function of finite argument clauses
- II. The form of finite argument clauses
- III. The anticipatory pronominal elements het ‘it’ and er + P ‘P + it’
- IV. Free relatives
- 5.1.2. Direct object clauses
- 5.1.2.1. Selection restrictions on finite direct object clauses
- I. Communication verbs
- II. Verbs of (direct) perception
- III. Cognition verbs
- IV. Verbs of investigation and discovery
- V. Verbs of wishing
- VI. Subject-experiencer verbs
- VII. Finite object clauses that function as the logical subject of a complementive
- VIII. Conclusion
- 5.1.2.2. The placement of finite object clauses
- 5.1.2.3. Factive versus non-factive complement clause constructions
- I. The truth of the embedded proposition is presupposed
- II. Properties of factive verbs
- A. Paraphrase by het feit dat ... ‘the fact that ...’
- B. Negation does not affect the presupposed truth of a factive clause
- C. Questioning does not affect the presupposed truth of a factive clause
- D. Question-answer pairs
- E. Wh-extraction
- F. Negative polarity items
- III. Factors affecting factivity
- A. Adverbial phrases
- B. The anticipatory pronoun het ‘it’
- C. Passivization
- D. Placement of the dependent clause in the middle field of the matrix clause
- IV. The position of the factive clause in the middle field
- V. Wh-extraction from factive clauses
- VI. The syntactic status of factive clauses
- VII. Factive interrogative clauses
- VIII. Conclusion
- 5.1.2.4. Reported speech
- I. Indirect reported speech
- A. Selection restrictions on the embedded clause
- B. Position of the embedded clause
- C. The use of an anticipatory pronoun
- D. Wh-extraction
- E. Binding
- F. Licensing of negative polarity items
- G. Conclusion
- II. Direct and semi-direct reported speech
- A. Direct reported speech
- B. Semi-direct reported speech
- C. Additional evidence for structural ambiguity
- D. The structure of parenthetical (semi<noBreakHyphen />)direct reported speech constructions
- E. Parenthetical direct reported speech constructions with zoals ‘as’
- III. Quotative and polar van-constructions
- 5.1.3. Subject clauses
- I. Verb types
- II. The placement of subject clauses
- III. The anticipatory pronoun het and expletive er
- 5.1.4. Prepositional object clauses?
- 5.1.5. Fragment clauses
- I. Fragment wh-questions (sluicing)
- A. Fragment wh-questions are clauses
- B. What is Sluicing?
- C. The antecedent clause need not be isomorphic to the phonetically empty TP
- D. The correlate of the wh-phrase in the antecedent clause
- E. Sluicing-like constituents
- F. Conclusion
- II. Fragment answers
- 5.1.6. Wh-extraction from argument clauses
- 5.1.7. Independently used argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.2.1. Om + te-infinitivals
- 5.2.1.1. The distribution of om + te-infinitivals
- I. Direct object clauses
- II. Subject clauses
- III. Prepositional object clauses
- IV. Topicalization and left dislocation
- V. Conclusion
- 5.2.1.2. The categorial status of the element om
- 5.2.1.3. The implied subject PRO in om + te-infinitivals
- I. Why adopt a phonetically empty PRO-subject?
- II. Semantic restrictions on the implied PRO-subject and its controller
- III. Control of the implied PRO-subject in object clauses
- 5.2.1.4. Variation in the form of the complementizer
- 5.2.2. Te-infinitivals
- 5.2.2.1. Control infinitivals
- I. Subject control
- II. Object control
- III. No PRO-subjects with split antecedents
- IV. How te and om + te-infinitivals differ
- 5.2.2.2. Subject-raising infinitivals
- I. General properties of subject-raising constructions
- A. Subject raising versus control infinitivals: pronominalization
- B. The status of the subject-raising verb: main or non-main verb?
- C. Syntactic properties of subject-raising constructions
- II. Subject-raising verbs
- A. The verbs blijken ‘to turn out’, lijken ‘to appear’, and schijnen ‘to seem’
- B. The verbs dreigen ‘to threaten’ and beloven ‘to promise’
- C. Other verbs
- III. Passive subject-raising constructions
- 5.2.2.3. Extraposition and verb clustering
- I. A brief outline of the discussion and its conclusions
- II. Islandhood: the categorial status of om + te and te-infinitivals
- III. Transparent versus opaque te-infinitivals
- IV. Semi-transparent te-infinitivals: a mixed type
- V. Clause splitting of (semi<noBreakHyphen />)transparent te-infinitivals
- VI. Semi-transparent and opaque te-infinitivals are similar
- VII. Support for the movement analysis: subject raising
- VIII.Additional restrictions on transparency of argument clauses
- IX. On the distinction between transparent and semi-transparent te-infinitivals
- X. Selection restrictions on infinitival clauses imposed by the matrix verb
- 5.2.3. Bare infinitivals
- 5.2.3.1. The verb leren ‘to teach/learn’
- I. The bare infinitive is (not) part of the verb sequence
- II. The bare infinitive follows/precedes the governing verb
- III. The bare infinitive triggers/does not trigger the IPP-effect
- IV. The bare infinitive allows/does not allow focus movement
- V. The bare infinitive can follow sentence negation/be preceded by geen ‘no’
- VI. Conclusion
- 5.2.3.2. Modal verbs
- I. Modal verbs are main verbs
- II. Modal verbs take bare infinitival complement clauses
- III. Types of modality
- 5.2.3.3. Perception verbs
- I. Meaning: direct involuntary sensory perception
- II. Perception verbs are main verbs
- III. Perception verbs take bare infinitival complement clauses
- A. Phrases in which the subject of the bare infinitival is expressed
- B. Phrases in which the subject of the bare infinitival is left implicit
- C. Conclusion
- IV. The subject of the bare infinitival clause
- A. The direct object is not an internal argument of the perception verb
- B. Case-marking of the subject of the infinitival clause
- C. Suppression of the embedded subject
- V. Some additional remarks on perception verbs
- 5.2.3.4. Causative laten ‘to make/let’ and doen ‘to make’
- I. The meaning contribution of laten and doen
- II. Laten and doen are main verbs
- III. Laten and doen take a bare infinitival complement clause
- IV. The subject of the bare infinitival clause
- V. Suppression of the embedded subject
- VI. Some additional remarks on the verb laten
- 5.2.3.5. Hebben ‘to have’ + infinitive
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 5.4. Bibliographical notes
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