/ instituut voor de Nederlandse taal / Taalportaal
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- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Verbs: Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I: Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases IIIa: Selected clauses/verb phrases (introduction)
- 1.0. Introduction
- 1.1. Main types of verb-frame alternation
- 1.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 1.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 1.4. Some apparent cases of verb-frame alternation
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa: Selected clauses/verb phrases (introduction)
- 4.0. Introduction
- 4.1. Semantic types of finite argument clauses
- 4.2. Finite and infinitival argument clauses
- 4.3. Control properties of verbs selecting an infinitival clause
- 4.4. Three main types of infinitival argument clauses
- 4.5. Non-main verbs
- 4.6. The distinction between main and non-main verbs
- 4.7. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb: Argument and complementive clauses
- 5.0. Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 5.4. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc: Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId: Verb clustering
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I: General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II: Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- 11.0. Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1 and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 11.4. Bibliographical notes
- 12 Word order in the clause IV: Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 14 Characterization and classification
- 15 Projection of noun phrases I: Complementation
- 15.0. Introduction
- 15.1. General observations
- 15.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 15.3. Clausal complements
- 15.4. Bibliographical notes
- 16 Projection of noun phrases II: Modification
- 16.0. Introduction
- 16.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 16.2. Premodification
- 16.3. Postmodification
- 16.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 16.3.2. Relative clauses
- 16.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 16.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 16.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 16.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 16.4. Bibliographical notes
- 17 Projection of noun phrases III: Binominal constructions
- 17.0. Introduction
- 17.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 17.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 17.3. Bibliographical notes
- 18 Determiners: Articles and pronouns
- 18.0. Introduction
- 18.1. Articles
- 18.2. Pronouns
- 18.3. Bibliographical notes
- 19 Numerals and quantifiers
- 19.0. Introduction
- 19.1. Numerals
- 19.2. Quantifiers
- 19.2.1. Introduction
- 19.2.2. Universal quantifiers: ieder/elk ‘every’ and alle ‘all’
- 19.2.3. Existential quantifiers: sommige ‘some’ and enkele ‘some’
- 19.2.4. Degree quantifiers: veel ‘many/much’ and weinig ‘few/little’
- 19.2.5. Modification of quantifiers
- 19.2.6. A note on the adverbial use of degree quantifiers
- 19.3. Quantitative er constructions
- 19.4. Partitive and pseudo-partitive constructions
- 19.5. Bibliographical notes
- 20 Predeterminers
- 20.0. Introduction
- 20.1. The universal quantifier al ‘all’ and its alternants
- 20.2. The predeterminer heel ‘all/whole’
- 20.3. A note on focus particles
- 20.4. Bibliographical notes
- 21 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- 22 Referential dependencies (binding)
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 23 Characteristics and classification
- 24 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 25 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 26 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 27 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 28 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 29 The partitive genitive construction
- 30 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 31 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 32 Characteristics and classification
- 32.0. Introduction
- 32.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 32.2. A syntactic classification of adpositional phrases
- 32.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 32.4. Borderline cases
- 32.5. Bibliographical notes
- 33 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 34 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 35 Syntactic uses of adpositional phrases
- 36 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 32 Characteristics and classification
- Coordination and Ellipsis
- Syntax
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- General
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- General
- Morphology
- Morphology
- 1 Word formation
- 1.1 Compounding
- 1.1.1 Compounds and their heads
- 1.1.2 Special types of compounds
- 1.1.2.1 Affixoids
- 1.1.2.2 Coordinative compounds
- 1.1.2.3 Synthetic compounds and complex pseudo-participles
- 1.1.2.4 Reduplicative compounds
- 1.1.2.5 Phrase-based compounds
- 1.1.2.6 Elative compounds
- 1.1.2.7 Exocentric compounds
- 1.1.2.8 Linking elements
- 1.1.2.9 Separable Complex Verbs and Particle Verbs
- 1.1.2.10 Noun Incorporation Verbs
- 1.1.2.11 Gapping
- 1.2 Derivation
- 1.3 Minor patterns of word formation
- 1.1 Compounding
- 2 Inflection
- 1 Word formation
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Adjectives and adjective phrases (APs)
- 0 Introduction to the AP
- 1 Characteristics and classification of APs
- 2 Complementation of APs
- 3 Modification and degree quantification of APs
- 4 Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative
- 5 Attribution of APs
- 6 Predication of APs
- 7 The partitive adjective construction
- 8 Adverbial use of APs
- 9 Participles and infinitives as APs
- Nouns and Noun Phrases (NPs)
- 0 Introduction to the NP
- 1 Characteristics and Classification of NPs
- 2 Complementation of NPs
- 3 Modification of NPs
- 3.1 Modification of NP by Determiners and APs
- 3.2 Modification of NP by PP
- 3.3 Modification of NP by adverbial clauses
- 3.4 Modification of NP by possessors
- 3.5 Modification of NP by relative clauses
- 3.6 Modification of NP in a cleft construction
- 3.7 Free relative clauses and selected interrogative clauses
- 4 Partitive noun constructions and constructions related to them
- 4.1 The referential partitive construction
- 4.2 The partitive construction of abstract quantity
- 4.3 The numerical partitive construction
- 4.4 The partitive interrogative construction
- 4.5 Adjectival, nominal and nominalised partitive quantifiers
- 4.6 Kind partitives
- 4.7 Partitive predication with a preposition
- 4.8 Bare nominal attribution
- 5 Articles and names
- 6 Pronouns
- 7 Quantifiers, determiners and predeterminers
- 8 Interrogative pronouns
- 9 R-pronouns and the indefinite expletive
- 10 Syntactic functions of Noun Phrases
- Adpositions and Adpositional Phrases (PPs)
- 0 Introduction to the PP
- 1 Characteristics and classification of PPs
- 2 Complementation of PPs
- 3 Modification of PPs
- 4 Bare (intransitive) adpositions
- 5 Predication of PPs
- 6 Form and distribution of adpositions with respect to staticity and construction type
- 7 Adpositional complements and adverbials
- Verbs and Verb Phrases (VPs)
- 0 Introduction to the VP in Saterland Frisian
- 1 Characteristics and classification of verbs
- 2 Unergative and unaccusative subjects and the auxiliary of the perfect
- 3 Evidentiality in relation to perception and epistemicity
- 4 Types of to-infinitival constituents
- 5 Predication
- 5.1 The auxiliary of being and its selection restrictions
- 5.2 The auxiliary of going and its selection restrictions
- 5.3 The auxiliary of continuation and its selection restrictions
- 5.4 The auxiliary of coming and its selection restrictions
- 5.5 Modal auxiliaries and their selection restrictions
- 5.6 Auxiliaries of body posture and aspect and their selection restrictions
- 5.7 Transitive verbs of predication
- 5.8 The auxiliary of doing used as a semantically empty finite auxiliary
- 5.9 Supplementive predication
- 6 The verbal paradigm, irregularity and suppletion
- 7 Verb Second and the word order in main and embedded clauses
- 8 Various aspects of clause structure
- Adjectives and adjective phrases (APs)
Word order in the clause III:
Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
quickinfo
- 11.0. Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1 and V2-clauses
- I. Verb movement: Verb-first/second
- II. Topicalization and question formation
- III. The clause-initial position contains at most one constituent
- IV. The syntactic function of the constituent in clause-initial position
- V. Clause-initial constituents are semantically marked
- VI. Subject-initial sentences are semantically unmarked
- VII. Main versus embedded clauses
- VIII. Verb-third in main clauses?
- IX. Conclusion
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.2.1. Yes/no questions
- 11.2.2. Topic drop
- 11.2.3. Finite imperatives
- I. The motivation for a phonetically empty imperative operator
- II. The empty operator analysis of Leg terug, dat boek!
- III. The analysis of Leg terug, dat boek! as forum imperative
- IV. Conclusion
- 11.2.4. Narrative inversion
- 11.2.5. Other cases
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 11.3.1. Wh-questions
- 11.3.1.1. Wh-movement in simplex clauses (short wh-movement)
- I. Wh-movement is near-obligatory
- II. A functional motivation for wh-movement?
- III. Categorial status and syntactic function of the wh-phrase
- IV. Wh-movement in embedded clauses
- V. Pied piping
- A. Pied piping as a repair strategy
- B. Noun phrases
- C. PPs
- D. APs
- E. Verbal (extended) projections
- F. Conclusion
- VI. Stranding
- VII. A note on the “avoid pied piping” constraint
- 11.3.1.2. Wh-extraction from embedded clauses: long wh-movement
- I. Restrictions on the moved element
- II. Complementizer-trace effects
- III. Restrictions on the syntactic function of the embedded clause
- IV. Bridge verbs
- V. Long wh-movement is obligatory and leaves an intermediate trace
- VI. Long wh-movement from infinitival clauses
- 11.3.1.3. Islands for question formation
- I. Factive islands: the distinction between strong and weak islands
- II. Embedded questions
- III. Subject clauses
- IV. Adjunct clauses
- V. Complex noun phrases
- VI. Coordinate structures
- VII. A note on resumptive prolepsis
- 11.3.1.4. Multiple wh-questions
- 11.3.2. Relative clauses
- I. Wh-movement of the relative element is obligatory
- II. Pied piping and stranding
- III. Long Wh-movement and islands
- IV. Cleft and pseudo-cleft constructions
- 11.3.3. Topicalization
- I. Syntactic function and categorial status of the topicalized element
- II. Topicalization is a subcase of wh-movement
- III. Subject-initial clauses versus topicalization constructions
- IV. Information structure: focus and topic
- A. Contrastive/restrictive focus
- B. Aboutness topic
- C. Contrastive topics
- D. Topic shift
- E. Connectives
- F. Verbal particles
- G. Formal movement: movement without semantic effect
- V. Pied piping and stranding
- VI. Topicalization of verbal projections
- A. Argument clauses
- B. Adverbial clauses
- C. Complements of non-main verbs (VP-topicalization)
- D. Conclusion
- VII. Some final remarks on English and Dutch topicalization
- 11.3.4. Wh-exclamatives
- I. Meaning
- A. The extremely-high-degree reading
- B. The extremely-large-quantity reading
- C. Ambiguity
- D. Factivity
- E. Widening
- II. Two syntactic types of wh-exclamative
- A. Non-split pattern
- B. Pseudo-split pattern
- C. More differences between non-split and pseudo-split wh-exclamatives
- III. Wh-exclamatives can be main or non-main clauses
- IV. Exclamations versus exclamatives
- 11.3.5. Comparative (sub)deletion
- 11.3.6. Comparative correlative constructions
- 11.3.7. Reconstruction
- 11.3.8. Parasitic gaps
- I. The bijection principle
- II. Characteristic properties of parasitic gaps
- III. Parasitic gaps in Dutch
- A. The landing site and overt movement restriction in (559a&b)
- B. The anti-c-command restriction in (559c) B
- C. The categorial restriction in (559d)
- D. The multiple-island restriction in (559e)
- E. Special properties of Dutch
- IV. Conclusion
- 11.4. Bibliographical notes
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