- Dutch
- Frisian
- Saterfrisian
- Afrikaans
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- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Verbs: Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I: Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases IIIa: Selected clauses/verb phrases (introduction)
- 1.0. Introduction
- 1.1. Main types of verb-frame alternation
- 1.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 1.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 1.4. Some apparent cases of verb-frame alternation
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa: Selected clauses/verb phrases (introduction)
- 4.0. Introduction
- 4.1. Semantic types of finite argument clauses
- 4.2. Finite and infinitival argument clauses
- 4.3. Control properties of verbs selecting an infinitival clause
- 4.4. Three main types of infinitival argument clauses
- 4.5. Non-main verbs
- 4.6. The distinction between main and non-main verbs
- 4.7. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb: Argument and complementive clauses
- 5.0. Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 5.4. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc: Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId: Verb clustering
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I: General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II: Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- 11.0. Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1 and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 11.4. Bibliographical notes
- 12 Word order in the clause IV: Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 14 Characterization and classification
- 15 Projection of noun phrases I: Complementation
- 15.0. Introduction
- 15.1. General observations
- 15.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 15.3. Clausal complements
- 15.4. Bibliographical notes
- 16 Projection of noun phrases II: Modification
- 16.0. Introduction
- 16.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 16.2. Premodification
- 16.3. Postmodification
- 16.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 16.3.2. Relative clauses
- 16.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 16.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 16.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 16.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 16.4. Bibliographical notes
- 17 Projection of noun phrases III: Binominal constructions
- 17.0. Introduction
- 17.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 17.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 17.3. Bibliographical notes
- 18 Determiners: Articles and pronouns
- 18.0. Introduction
- 18.1. Articles
- 18.2. Pronouns
- 18.3. Bibliographical notes
- 19 Numerals and quantifiers
- 19.0. Introduction
- 19.1. Numerals
- 19.2. Quantifiers
- 19.2.1. Introduction
- 19.2.2. Universal quantifiers: ieder/elk ‘every’ and alle ‘all’
- 19.2.3. Existential quantifiers: sommige ‘some’ and enkele ‘some’
- 19.2.4. Degree quantifiers: veel ‘many/much’ and weinig ‘few/little’
- 19.2.5. Modification of quantifiers
- 19.2.6. A note on the adverbial use of degree quantifiers
- 19.3. Quantitative er constructions
- 19.4. Partitive and pseudo-partitive constructions
- 19.5. Bibliographical notes
- 20 Predeterminers
- 20.0. Introduction
- 20.1. The universal quantifier al ‘all’ and its alternants
- 20.2. The predeterminer heel ‘all/whole’
- 20.3. A note on focus particles
- 20.4. Bibliographical notes
- 21 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- 22 Referential dependencies (binding)
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 23 Characteristics and classification
- 24 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 25 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 26 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 27 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 28 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 29 The partitive genitive construction
- 30 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 31 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 32 Characteristics and classification
- 32.0. Introduction
- 32.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 32.2. A syntactic classification of adpositional phrases
- 32.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 32.4. Borderline cases
- 32.5. Bibliographical notes
- 33 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 34 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 35 Syntactic uses of adpositional phrases
- 36 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 32 Characteristics and classification
- Coordination and Ellipsis
- Syntax
-
- General
-
- General
- Morphology
- Morphology
- 1 Word formation
- 1.1 Compounding
- 1.1.1 Compounds and their heads
- 1.1.2 Special types of compounds
- 1.1.2.1 Affixoids
- 1.1.2.2 Coordinative compounds
- 1.1.2.3 Synthetic compounds and complex pseudo-participles
- 1.1.2.4 Reduplicative compounds
- 1.1.2.5 Phrase-based compounds
- 1.1.2.6 Elative compounds
- 1.1.2.7 Exocentric compounds
- 1.1.2.8 Linking elements
- 1.1.2.9 Separable Complex Verbs and Particle Verbs
- 1.1.2.10 Noun Incorporation Verbs
- 1.1.2.11 Gapping
- 1.2 Derivation
- 1.3 Minor patterns of word formation
- 1.1 Compounding
- 2 Inflection
- 1 Word formation
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Adjectives and adjective phrases (APs)
- 0 Introduction to the AP
- 1 Characteristics and classification of APs
- 2 Complementation of APs
- 3 Modification and degree quantification of APs
- 4 Comparison by comparative, superlative and equative
- 5 Attribution of APs
- 6 Predication of APs
- 7 The partitive adjective construction
- 8 Adverbial use of APs
- 9 Participles and infinitives as APs
- Nouns and Noun Phrases (NPs)
- 0 Introduction to the NP
- 1 Characteristics and Classification of NPs
- 2 Complementation of NPs
- 3 Modification of NPs
- 3.1 Modification of NP by Determiners and APs
- 3.2 Modification of NP by PP
- 3.3 Modification of NP by adverbial clauses
- 3.4 Modification of NP by possessors
- 3.5 Modification of NP by relative clauses
- 3.6 Modification of NP in a cleft construction
- 3.7 Free relative clauses and selected interrogative clauses
- 4 Partitive noun constructions and constructions related to them
- 4.1 The referential partitive construction
- 4.2 The partitive construction of abstract quantity
- 4.3 The numerical partitive construction
- 4.4 The partitive interrogative construction
- 4.5 Adjectival, nominal and nominalised partitive quantifiers
- 4.6 Kind partitives
- 4.7 Partitive predication with a preposition
- 4.8 Bare nominal attribution
- 5 Articles and names
- 6 Pronouns
- 7 Quantifiers, determiners and predeterminers
- 8 Interrogative pronouns
- 9 R-pronouns and the indefinite expletive
- 10 Syntactic functions of Noun Phrases
- Adpositions and Adpositional Phrases (PPs)
- 0 Introduction to the PP
- 1 Characteristics and classification of PPs
- 2 Complementation of PPs
- 3 Modification of PPs
- 4 Bare (intransitive) adpositions
- 5 Predication of PPs
- 6 Form and distribution of adpositions with respect to staticity and construction type
- 7 Adpositional complements and adverbials
- Verbs and Verb Phrases (VPs)
- 0 Introduction to the VP in Saterland Frisian
- 1 Characteristics and classification of verbs
- 2 Unergative and unaccusative subjects and the auxiliary of the perfect
- 3 Evidentiality in relation to perception and epistemicity
- 4 Types of to-infinitival constituents
- 5 Predication
- 5.1 The auxiliary of being and its selection restrictions
- 5.2 The auxiliary of going and its selection restrictions
- 5.3 The auxiliary of continuation and its selection restrictions
- 5.4 The auxiliary of coming and its selection restrictions
- 5.5 Modal auxiliaries and their selection restrictions
- 5.6 Auxiliaries of body posture and aspect and their selection restrictions
- 5.7 Transitive verbs of predication
- 5.8 The auxiliary of doing used as a semantically empty finite auxiliary
- 5.9 Supplementive predication
- 6 The verbal paradigm, irregularity and suppletion
- 7 Verb Second and the word order in main and embedded clauses
- 8 Various aspects of clause structure
- Adjectives and adjective phrases (APs)
This section discusses the modification of the adjectival part of the partitive genitive construction. We will take the discussion on modification of the adjective in Chapter 25 as our lead. Subsection I discusses modification of partitive genitive adjectives by degree modifiers, while Subsection II looks at modification by nominal measure phrases. Subsection III continues with a discussion of equatives and comparatives, which we have argued in Chapter 26 to be a special case of modification. Finally, Subsection IV discusses modification by complex degree modifiers.
Before we start, we should point out a general property of modified partitive genitive constructions. Section 29.2.2 distinguished four classes of nominal(-like) elements that can act as the first part of a partitive genitive construction: inanimate quantificational pronouns like ietssomething, indefinite quantifier noun phrases like een heleboela lot of, quantifiers like veelmuch, and the sequence wat voor. If we look at degree modification of partitive genitive adjectives, it turns out that it only yields a fully acceptable result with a pronoun as the nominal part, as in the primeless examples in (101). The same thing is true for comparatives, as in the primed examples.
| a. | iets | heel grappigs | |
| something | very funny |
| a'. | iets | grappigers | |
| something | funnier |
| b. | ?? | een heleboel | heel grappigs |
| a lot of | very funny |
| b'. | ?? | een heleboel | grappigers |
| a lot of | funnier |
| c. | ?? | veel | heel grappigs |
| much | very funny |
| c'. | ?? | veel | grappigers |
| much | funnier |
| d. | ?? | wat voor | heel grappigs |
| what sort of | very funny |
| d'. | *? | wat voor | grappigers |
| what sort of | funnier |
Section 29.2.2, sub I, listed three members of the class of inanimate quantificational pronouns: ietssomething, nietsnothing and watsomething. These elements also have a different distribution: if the partitive genitive is a non-periphrastic comparative, as in the primeless examples in (102), all three give a fully acceptable result; however, if the partitive genitive is a periphrastic comparative, as in the primed examples of (102), the use of niets and wat leads to a marked result.
| a. | iets | grappigers | |
| something | funnier |
| a'. | iets | minder | grappigs | |
| something | less | funny |
| b. | niets | grappigers | |
| nothing | funnier |
| b'. | ? | niets | minder | grappigs |
| nothing | less | funny |
| c. | wat | grappigers | |
| something | funnier |
| c'. | ? | wat | minder | grappigs |
| something | less | funny |
The examples in (103) show that the use of niets and wat is also marked with an adjective modified by an adverb.
| a. | iets | heel | grappigs | |
| something | very | funny |
| b. | ? | niets | heel | grappigs |
| nothing | very | funny |
| c. | *? | wat | heel | grappigs |
| something | very | funny |
For these reasons, the discussion in the following subsections will only consider partitive genitive adjectives preceded by the quantificational pronoun iets.
The examples in (104) show that partitive genitive adjectives can be modified by regular degree modifiers like erg/heel/zeervery and vrij/nogalrather. As with attributive and predicative adjectives, the adverb immediately precedes the partitive genitive.
| a. | iets | zeer/vrij | merkwaardigs | |
| something | very/rather | remarkable |
| b. | iets | behoorlijk/nogal | zeldzaams | |
| something | considerably/rather | rare |
| c. | iets | heel erg | verschrikkelijks | |
| something | very very | terrible | ||
| 'something absolutely awful' | ||||
Section 23.2 has shown that some adjectives are ambiguous between an adverbial and adjectival interpretation: goedwell/good and ergvery/terrible can either be used as a degree modifier of the partitive genitive, as in the primeless examples of (105), or as a partitive genitive adjective, as in the primed examples.
| a. | iets | goed | leesbaars | |
| something | well | readable |
| a'. | iets | goeds | |
| something | good |
| b. | iets | erg | kouds | |
| something | very | cold |
| b'. | iets | ergs | |
| something | terrible |
| c. | iets | heel | liefs | |
| something | very | sweet |
| c'. | * | iets | heels |
| something | very |
The degree modifier heelvery in (105c) can optionally carry the attributive -e inflection in examples such as (106a), as discussed in Section 27.2, sub IV, but it cannot be used as a predicative adjective; this correctly predicts that (105c') is unacceptable. For completeness’ sake, recall from Section 29.1, sub II, that the -s suffix differs from the attributive -e inflection in that it cannot be used on the degree modifier; cf. (106b).
| a. | een | hele | lekkere | boterham | |
| a | very | tasty | sandwich |
| b. | iets | heel/*heels | lekkers | |
| something | very | tasty |
Section 25.1.4, sub II, has shown that in some cases modification by a nominal measure phrase is also possible. This is typical of measure adjectives of the kind given in (107).
| a. | Deze plank | is drie cm | breed. | |
| this plank | is three cm | wide |
| b. | Deze muur | is twee meter | hoog. | |
| this wall | is two meter | high |
| c. | Het gebouw | is honderd jaar | oud. | |
| the building | is a.hundred year | old |
| d. | ?? | De kaas | is | drie kilo | zwaar. |
| the cheese | is | three kilo | heavy |
Despite the fact that the modified APs in these examples function as predicates, they cannot easily be used in the partitive genitive constructions in (108). Nevertheless, the relative judgments on these examples more or less correspond to those on the predicative constructions in (107).
| a. | iets | (%drie cm) | breeds | |
| something | three cm | wide |
| b. | iets | (%twee meter) | hoogs | |
| something | two meter | high |
| c. | iets | (%honderd jaar) | ouds | |
| something | a.hundred year | old |
| d. | iets | (*drie kilo) | zwaars | |
| something | three kilo | heavy |
The fact that the examples in (108) are marked may have to do with the fact that the intended meaning can be expressed by the constructions in (109), in which the nominal measure phrase is preceded by the preposition vanof. Note that the adjectives in these cases are not inflected with a partitive genitive -s suffix, which suggests that we are dealing here with regular noun phrases comparable to een kast van twee meter hooga cupboard of two meters high.
| a. | iets | van drie cm | breed | |
| something | of three cm | wide |
| b. | iets | van twee meter | hoog | |
| something | of two meter | high |
| c. | iets | van honderd jaar | oud | |
| something | of a.hundred year | old |
| d. | *? | iets | van drie kilo | zwaar |
| something | of three kilo | heavy |
Partitive genitives derived from breed, hoog, oud and zwaar can also be modified by a regular degree modifier, as in (110). Section 23.3.2.2, sub ID, has shown that the measure adjectives in the copular constructions in (107) cannot be replaced by their antonyms. However, this is possible in the examples in (110). which suggests that the adjectives in (110) differ from those in (107) in that they do not function as the “neutral” form of the measure adjectives.
| a. | iets | zeer | breeds/smals | |
| something | very | wide/narrow |
| b. | iets | heel | hoogs/laags | |
| something | very | high/low |
| c. | iets | zeer | ouds/jongs | |
| something | very | old/young |
| d. | iets | erg | zwaars/lichts | |
| something | very | heavy/light |
From this perspective, the partitive genitives in (111), which are modified by the nominal phrase twee keer zotwice as, are also regular scalar adjectives. For completeness’ sake, the primed examples demonstrate that these acceptable partitive genitive constructions do not alternate with van-constructions of the type in (109); this may support the earlier suggestion that the examples in (108) are blocked by those in (109).
| a. | iets | twee keer zo | zwaars/lichts | |
| something | twice as | heavy/light |
| a'. | ?? | iets van twee keer zo zwaar/licht |
| b. | iets | twee keer zo | groots/kleins | |
| something | twice as | big/small |
| b'. | ?? | iets van twee keer zo groot/klein |
The primeless examples in (112) indicate that comparatives and adjectives preceded by the degree element tetoo can also be modified by nominal modifiers. However, the primed examples reveal that the use of such nominal modifiers in the partitive genitive construction leads to an unacceptable result.
| a. | Die kast | is een stuk/een beetje/vijftig gulden | duurder. | |
| that cupboard | is a piece/a little/fifty guilders | more.expensive |
| a'. | iets ??een stuk/*?een beetje/?vijftig gulden duurders |
| b. | Die kast | is een stuk/een beetje/vijftig gulden | te duur. | |
| that cupboard | is a piece/a little/fifty guilders | too expensive |
| b'. | iets ??een stuk/*?een beetje/?vijftig gulden te duurs |
For completeness’ sake, (113) shows that nominal constructions similar to those in (109) are also generally excluded. The examples with the nominal phrase vijftig guldenfifty guilders seem fully acceptable, which is compatible with the earlier suggestion that partitive genitive constructions can be blocked by nominal constructions of the type in (109), although it still leaves the unacceptability of een stuk and een beetje unresolved.
| a. | iets | van | *een stuk/*een beetje/vijftig gulden | duurder | |
| something | of | a piece/a little/fifty guilders | more.expensive |
| b. | iets | van | *een stuk/*een beetje/vijftig gulden | te duur | |
| something | of | a piece/a little/fifty guilders | too expensive |
Adjectives in the equative degree can occur in partitive genitive constructions. With an accompanying comparative als-phrase, there is a slight preference to place the als-phrase after the verb(s) in clause-final position. This is illustrated in (114).
| a. | (?) | Hij | wilde | iets | even leuks | als de vorige keer | doen. |
| he | wanted | something | equally nice | as the previous time | do | ||
| 'He wanted to do something as nice as the previous time.' | |||||||
| b. | Hij wilde iets even leuks doen als de vorige keer. |
We have already seen in example (112a) that comparatives can be used in the partitive genitive construction. If the comparative is followed by a dan-phrase, there is again a preference to place the latter after the verb(s) in clause-final position; cf. the (a) and (b)-examples in (115). The (c)-examples show that the periphrastic comparatives behave in the same way as the morphologically complex ones.
| a. | (?) | Hij | wilde | iets | leukers | dan de vorige keer | doen. |
| he | wanted | something | nicer | than the previous time | do | ||
| 'He wanted to do something nicer than the last time.' | |||||||
| a'. | Hij wilde iets leukers doen dan de vorige keer. |
| b. | (?) | Hij | wilde | iets | interessanters | dan die saaie lezing | horen. |
| he | wanted | something | more.interesting | than that boring lecture | hear | ||
| 'He wanted to hear something more interesting than this boring lecture.' | |||||||
| b'. | Hij wilde iets interessanters horen dan die saaie lezing. |
| c. | (?) | Hij | wilde | iets | minder moeilijks | dan de vorige keer | doen. |
| he | wanted | something | less difficult | than the previous time | do | ||
| 'He wanted to do something less difficult than the previous time.' | |||||||
| c'. | Hij wilde iets minder moeilijks doen dan de vorige keer. |
The head-final filter on attributive adjectives, discussed in Section 27.3, sub IB, excludes attributive structures with the postadjectival degree modifier genoegenough, regardless of the position of the -e inflection; cf. Section 27.3, sub IIB, for a more detailed discussion.
| a. | * | een | groot | genoeg | inzet | (om ...) |
| a | large | enough | dedication | (to ...) |
| b. | ?? | een groot genoege inzet (om ...) |
| c. | * | een grote genoeg inzet (om ...) |
| d. | * | een grote genoege inzet (om ...) |
Predicative constructions, on the other hand, are acceptable if an adjective is modified by genoeg: Zijn inzet was groot genoegHis dedication was great enough. Since we have seen that partitive genitive adjectives pattern with predicatively used adjectives, we expect that partitive genitive constructions are also possible, but this expectation is not borne out: the examples in (117) show that the construction is degraded, regardless of the position of the -s suffix.
| a. | ? | iets | groot | genoegs |
| something | big | enough |
| b. | * | iets groots | genoeg |
| c. | * | iets groot | genoeg |
| d. | * | iets groots | genoegs |
Section 25.1.3, sub ID, has shown that the complex degree modifier zo A mogelijkas A as possible exhibits exceptional behavior with respect to the head-final filter; the attributive use of zo A mogelijkas great as possible is possible when the -e ending appears on the degree modifier, as in een zo goedkoop mogelijke autoa car as cheap as possible. In the partitive genitive construction, modification by the complex degree modifier zo ... mogelijk is also possible; the inflectional pattern is similar to that in the attributive structure: the -s suffix must be realized on the postadjectival degree modifier mogelijk and not on the adjective groot. For completeness, note that the predicative use of the modified AP is also possible: cf. Zijn inzet was zo groot mogelijkHe gave his commitment his all (lit.: his dedication was as large as possible.
| a. | iets | zo | goedkoop | mogelijks | |
| something | as | cheap | as.possible |
| b. | * | iets zo goedkoops | mogelijk |
| c. | * | iets zo goedkoop | mogelijk |
| d. | * | iets zo goedkoops | mogelijks |
The examples in (72) have already shown that scalar adjectives in the positive degree can be modified by the degree modifier tetoo in the partitive genitive construction; this is illustrated again in (119a). The degree modifier itself can also be modified in turn, leading to the more complex constructions in (119b&c): in (119b), te is modified by veel, and in (119c), it is modified by the phrase niet al. Note that these modifiers cannot occur when te is not present: *iets veel/niet al duurs.
| a. | Hij | kocht | iets | te duurs. | |
| he | bought | something | too expensive |
| b. | Hij | kocht | iets | veel | te duurs. | |
| he | bought | something | far | too expensive |
| c. | Hij | kocht | iets | niet al | te duurs. | |
| he | bought | something | not al | too expensive |
Adjectives modified by tetoo can optionally be followed by an infinitival degree clause; cf. Section 25.1.3, sub II. The examples in (120) show that the addition of an infinitival clause in the partitive genitive construction yields a degraded result if it is placed in preverbal position; placing the clause in postverbal position improves the result considerably. We have seen a similar effect in the comparative/superlative constructions in Subsection III.
| a. | *? | dat | ik | rennen | [iets te vermoeiends | om | te doen] | vind. |
| that | I | running | something too tiring | comp | to do | consider | ||
| 'that I consider running something too tiring to do.' | ||||||||
| a'. | (?) | dat ik rennen iets te vermoeiends vind om te doen. |
| b. | *? | dat | hij | [iets | te kleins | om | te gebruiken] | kocht. |
| that | he | something | too small | comp | to use | bought | ||
| 'that he bought something too little to use.' | ||||||||
| b'. | (?) | dat hij iets te kleins kocht om te gebruiken. |
The degree modifier zoso is often accompanied by a finite degree clause. Again, the partitive genitive construction is degraded when the degree clause occupies the preverbal position, while placing the clause in postverbal position notably improves the result. This is illustrated in (121).
| a. | * | dat | ik | [iets | zo saais | dat | ik | ervan | in slaap | val] | moet doen. |
| that | I | something | so boring | that | I | there.of | in sleep | fall | must do | ||
| 'that I must do something so boring that it makes me fall asleep.' | |||||||||||
| a'. | (?) | dat ik [iets zo saais] moet doen dat ik ervan in slaap val. |
| b. | * | dat | ik | [iets | zo lelijks | dat | ik | het | heb geweigerd] | aangeboden | kreeg. |
| that | I | something | so ugly | that | I | it | have refused | prt.-offered | got | ||
| 'that I got offered something so ugly that I refused it.' | |||||||||||
| b'. | (?) | dat ik [iets zo lelijks] aangeboden kreeg dat ik het heb geweigerd. |
Example (122a) shows that, unlike the other modifying adverbs, the element zo can also precede noun phrases such as een boeka book, and (122b) shows that it can also precede the whole partitive genitive construction. In these cases, however, zo seems to act as a demonstrative rather than a modifier; that it need not act as a modifier of the adjective in (122b) is clear from the fact that the adjective can be dropped without causing unacceptability.
| a. | zo | een | boek (zo’n boek) | |
| such | a | book |
| b. | zo | iets | (saais) | |
| such | something | boring | ||
| 'something (boring) like that' | ||||
Nevertheless, as is shown in (123a&b), zo in pre-pronominal position can license a degree clause, just like zo in post-determiner position; cf. the examples in (121). If we compare the primeless and primed examples in (123), it becomes clear that omitting the adjective in this case yields a degraded result. This strongly suggests that in association with a degree clause, zo can modify the adjective, regardless of its position with respect to the pronoun.
| a. | (?) | dat | ik | zo iets saais | moet doen | dat | ik | ervan | in slaap | val. |
| that | I | so something boring | must do | that | I | there.of | in sleep | fall |
| a'. | * | dat ik zo iets moet doen dat ik ervan in slaap val. |
| b. | (?) | dat | ik | zo iets lelijks | aangeboden kreeg | dat | ik | het | heb geweigerd. |
| that | I | so something ugly | prt.-offered got | that | I | it | have refused |
| b'. | * | dat ik zo iets aangeboden kreeg dat ik het heb geweigerd. |