The discussion of conjunction reduction and gapping started from the generally accepted view that these reduction processes occur only in coordinate structures. Van der Heijden & Klein (1995) have argued that these processes may also occur in some subordinate contexts; this is illustrated for gapping in (178).

The claim that we are dealing with gapping in examples like those in (178) may be controversial, as it exhibits certain properties that are not found in coordinate structures: this is immediately clear from the examples in (178), as (presumed) gapping apparently applies in both a forward and in a backward way. The claim that we are dealing with subordination in (178) is also controversial, as is clear from the fact that behalve has been analyzed as a coordinator in Paardekooper (1966), as a preposition in Landman & Moerdijk (1980): it is now even common to analyze it as a hybrid category as in Van der Heijden (1999). Chapter 40 will therefore continue the discussion of conjunction reduction and gapping by reviewing the arguments given for the various positions taken in the literature.