- Dutch
- Frisian
- Saterfrisian
- Afrikaans
-
- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I:Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations
- Introduction
- 3.1. Main types
- 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 3.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.3.1.1. Dative alternation with aan-phrases (recipients)
- 3.3.1.2. Dative alternation with naar-phrases (goals)
- 3.3.1.3. Dative alternation with van-phrases (sources)
- 3.3.1.4. Dative alternation with bij-phrases (possessors)
- 3.3.1.5. Dative alternation with voor-phrases (benefactives)
- 3.3.1.6. Conclusion
- 3.3.1.7. Bibliographical notes
- 3.3.2. Accusative/PP alternations
- 3.3.3. Nominative/PP alternations
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.4. Some apparent cases of verb frame alternation
- 3.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa:Selection of clauses/verb phrases
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses
- Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc:Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId:Verb clusters
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II:Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1- and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- 14 Main-clause external elements
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- Introduction
- 2.1. General observations
- 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 2.3. Clausal complements
- 2.4. Bibliographical notes
- 3 Projection of noun phrases II: modification
- Introduction
- 3.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 3.2. Premodification
- 3.3. Postmodification
- 3.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 3.3.2. Relative clauses
- 3.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 3.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 3.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 3.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 3.4. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions
- Introduction
- 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 4.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 4.3. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Determiners: articles and pronouns
- Introduction
- 5.1. Articles
- 5.2. Pronouns
- 5.3. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Numerals and quantifiers
- 7 Pre-determiners
- Introduction
- 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 7.2. The pre-determiner heel 'all/whole'
- 7.3. A note on focus particles
- 7.4. Bibliographical notes
- 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- 2 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 4 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 8 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 9 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- 10 Special constructions
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Introduction
- 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 1.2. A formal classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3.1. Spatial adpositions
- 1.3.2. Temporal adpositions
- 1.3.3. Non-spatial/temporal prepositions
- 1.4. Borderline cases
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 2 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 4 Syntactic uses of the adpositional phrase
- 5 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Coordination and Ellipsis
- Nouns and noun phrases (JANUARI 2025)
- 15 Characterization and classification
- 16 Projection of noun phrases I: Complementation
- 16.0. Introduction
- 16.1. General observations
- 16.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 16.3. Clausal complements
- 16.4. Bibliographical notes
- 17 Projection of noun phrases II: Modification
- 17.0. Introduction
- 17.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 17.2. Premodification
- 17.3. Postmodification
- 17.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 17.3.2. Relative clauses
- 17.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 17.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 17.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 17.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 17.4. Bibliographical notes
- 18 Projection of noun phrases III: Binominal constructions
- 18.0. Introduction
- 18.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 18.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 18.3. Bibliographical notes
- 19 Determiners: Articles and pronouns
- 19.0. Introduction
- 19.1. Articles
- 19.2. Pronouns
- 19.3. Bibliographical notes
- 20 Numerals and quantifiers
- 20.0. Introduction
- 20.1. Numerals
- 20.2. Quantifiers
- 20.2.1. Introduction
- 20.2.2. Universal quantifiers: ieder/elk ‘every’ and alle ‘all’
- 20.2.3. Existential quantifiers: sommige ‘some’ and enkele ‘some’
- 20.2.4. Degree quantifiers: veel ‘many/much’ and weinig ‘few/little’
- 20.2.5. Modification of quantifiers
- 20.2.6. A note on the adverbial use of degree quantifiers
- 20.3. Quantitative er constructions
- 20.4. Partitive and pseudo-partitive constructions
- 20.5. Bibliographical notes
- 21 Predeterminers
- 21.0. Introduction
- 21.1. The universal quantifier al ‘all’ and its alternants
- 21.2. The predeterminer heel ‘all/whole’
- 21.3. A note on focus particles
- 21.4. Bibliographical notes
- 22 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- 23 Referential dependencies (binding)
- Syntax
-
- General
The question of what structure must be assigned to the constructions with complementives discussed in Section 6.1 has given rise to a lengthy and still unresolved debate. According to some, the subject is part of the AP: it occupies a designated subject position in a so-called Small Clause configuration, where it saturates the external thematic role assigned by the adjectival predicate. According to others, the subject is generated in the regular object position of the verb, the subject-predicate relation being established by other means. This discussion finds its origin in Stowell (1983), who defends the former, and Williams (1980), who defends the latter proposal. An influential Dutch advocate of Stowellʼs proposal is Hoekstra (1984a/2004: part IV); Williams’ proposal has been defended by Neeleman (1994b). Bowers (1993) and Hale & Keyser (1993) propose structures that in a sense reconcile the two approaches.
The term supplementive has been adopted from Quirk et al. (1985). The supplementives, and especially the ways in which they can be distinguished from the manner adverbs, have been the subject of a classical debate between Van den Toorn (1969/1970a/1970b), Koelmans (1970) and Zwaan (1970); cf. also Van Gestel (1992). The distinction between supplementive-I and supplementive–II was first discussed in Broekhuis (1995). Other relevant studies are Jansen (1986/1987), Kooij (1987) and Den Dikken (1987). For theoretical background on the appositive use of the adjective, we refer the reader to Alexiadou et al. (2007: Part III) and McCawley (1998).
The discussion of the two classes of adjectives with clausal subjects in Section 6.5, sub II, is mainly based on Cinque (1990) and Bennis (2004). More extensive, partly contradictory, discussions of the control adjectives in Section 6.5, sub III, can be found in Van Haaften (1991) and Vanden Wyngaerd (1994; ch.6). The literature on the easy-to-please -construction, which is also referred to as the tough (movement) construction, is very extensive. The discussion about the proper analysis of this construction has certainly not been settled, which may be clear from the fact that it has been a recurrent theme in Chomskyʼs work ever since Chomsky (1973). Our discussion of this construction in Section 6.5, sub IVA, has adopted Bennis & Wehrmannʼs (1987) analysis of this construction as its point of departure; another study that must be mentioned is Dik (1985). The modal infinitive constructions in Section 6.5, sub IVB, will be discussed more extensively in Chapter 9. The discussion of PP subjects in Section 6.6 has again profited much from the discussion in Bennis & Wehrmann (1987); see also Van Haaften (1985).
- 2007Noun phrases in the generative perspectivenullnullBerlin/New YorkMouton de Gruyter
- 2004Unergative adjectives and psych verbsAlexiadou, Artemis, Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Everaert, Martin (eds.)The unaccusativity puzzle: studies on the syntax-lexicon interfaceOxfordOxford University Press84-113
- 1987Adverbial argumentsBeukema, Frits & Coopmans, Peter (eds.)Linguistics in the Netherlands 1987Dordrechtnull1-11
- 1987Adverbial argumentsBeukema, Frits & Coopmans, Peter (eds.)Linguistics in the Netherlands 1987Dordrechtnull1-11
- 1993The syntax of predicationThe Linguistic Review24591-656
- 1995De predikatieve toevoegingDe Nieuwe Taalgids88534-543
- 1973Conditions on transformationsAnderson, Stephen & Kiparsky, Paul (eds.)A festschrift for Morris HalleNew YorkHolt, Rinehart, and Winston71-132
- 1990Ergative adjectives and the lexicalist hypothesisNatural Language and Linguistic Theory81-39
- 1985Infinitief-konstrukties met <i>om</i> in een functionele grammatikaGLOT825-46
- 1987Secundaire predicatie en de analyse van small clausesGlot101-28
- 1992De bepaling van gesteldheid: twintig jaar laterKlein, M. (ed.)Nieuwe eskapades in de neerlandistiek. Opstellen van vrienden voor M.C. van den Toorn bij zijn afscheid als hoogleraar aan de Katholieke Universiteit NijmegenGroningenWolters-Noordhoff
- 1985<i>Om</i>-zinnen en predikatieGLOT847-65
- 1991De interpretatie van verzwegen subjectenFree University AmsterdamThesis
- 1993On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relationsHale, Ken & Keyser, Samuel (eds.)The view from Building 20: essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain BrombergerCambridge, MA/LondonMIT Press53-109
- 1984Transitivity. Grammatical relations in government-binding theorynullnullDordrecht/CinnaminsonForis Publications
- 2004Arguments and structure. Studies on the architecture of the sentencenullnullBerlin/New YorkMouton de Gruyter
- 1986Deelwoordenjammer: een regel van of voor het NederlandsSpektator16394-404
- 1987Elegisch naschriftSpektator198-201
- 1970Syntactische fundering van de z.g. bepaling van gesteldheidDe Nieuwe Taalgids6393-94
- 1987Deelwoordenjammer en grammatikaspijtSpektator17186-197
- 1998The syntactic phenomena of EnglishnullnullChicago/LondonUniversity of Chicago Press
- 1994Complex predicatesUtrechtUniversity of UtrechtThesis
- 1985A comprehensive grammar of the English languagenullnullLondon/New YorkLongman
- 1983Subjects across categoriesThe Linguistic Review2285-312
- 1970Naschrift: de waarde van tegenvoorbeeldenDe Nieuwe Taalgids6393-94
- 1970Naschrift: explicitering en abstractieDe Nieuwe Taalgids63101-102
- 1969De bepaling van gesteldheidDe Nieuwe Taalgids6234-40
- 1980PredicationLinguistic Inquiry11203-238
- 1994PRO-legomena. Distribution and Reference of infinitival subjectsnullLinguistic Models 19Berlin/New YorkMouton de Gruyter
- 1970De zg. bepaling van gesteldheidDe Nieuwe Taalgids6395-100
