- Dutch
- Frisian
- Saterfrisian
- Afrikaans
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- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I:Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations
- Introduction
- 3.1. Main types
- 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 3.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.3.1.1. Dative alternation with aan-phrases (recipients)
- 3.3.1.2. Dative alternation with naar-phrases (goals)
- 3.3.1.3. Dative alternation with van-phrases (sources)
- 3.3.1.4. Dative alternation with bij-phrases (possessors)
- 3.3.1.5. Dative alternation with voor-phrases (benefactives)
- 3.3.1.6. Conclusion
- 3.3.1.7. Bibliographical notes
- 3.3.2. Accusative/PP alternations
- 3.3.3. Nominative/PP alternations
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.4. Some apparent cases of verb frame alternation
- 3.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa:Selection of clauses/verb phrases
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses
- Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc:Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId:Verb clusters
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II:Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1- and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- 14 Main-clause external elements
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- Introduction
- 2.1. General observations
- 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 2.3. Clausal complements
- 2.4. Bibliographical notes
- 3 Projection of noun phrases II: modification
- Introduction
- 3.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 3.2. Premodification
- 3.3. Postmodification
- 3.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 3.3.2. Relative clauses
- 3.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 3.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 3.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 3.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 3.4. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions
- Introduction
- 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 4.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 4.3. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Determiners: articles and pronouns
- Introduction
- 5.1. Articles
- 5.2. Pronouns
- 5.3. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Numerals and quantifiers
- 7 Pre-determiners
- Introduction
- 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 7.2. The pre-determiner heel 'all/whole'
- 7.3. A note on focus particles
- 7.4. Bibliographical notes
- 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- 2 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 4 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 8 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 9 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- 10 Special constructions
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Introduction
- 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 1.2. A formal classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3.1. Spatial adpositions
- 1.3.2. Temporal adpositions
- 1.3.3. Non-spatial/temporal prepositions
- 1.4. Borderline cases
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 2 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 4 Syntactic uses of the adpositional phrase
- 5 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Coordination and Ellipsis
- Nouns and noun phrases (JANUARI 2025)
- 15 Characterization and classification
- 16 Projection of noun phrases I: Complementation
- 16.0. Introduction
- 16.1. General observations
- 16.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 16.3. Clausal complements
- 16.4. Bibliographical notes
- 17 Projection of noun phrases II: Modification
- 17.0. Introduction
- 17.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 17.2. Premodification
- 17.3. Postmodification
- 17.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 17.3.2. Relative clauses
- 17.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 17.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 17.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 17.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 17.4. Bibliographical notes
- 18 Projection of noun phrases III: Binominal constructions
- 18.0. Introduction
- 18.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 18.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 18.3. Bibliographical notes
- 19 Determiners: Articles and pronouns
- 19.0. Introduction
- 19.1. Articles
- 19.2. Pronouns
- 19.3. Bibliographical notes
- 20 Numerals and quantifiers
- 20.0. Introduction
- 20.1. Numerals
- 20.2. Quantifiers
- 20.2.1. Introduction
- 20.2.2. Universal quantifiers: ieder/elk ‘every’ and alle ‘all’
- 20.2.3. Existential quantifiers: sommige ‘some’ and enkele ‘some’
- 20.2.4. Degree quantifiers: veel ‘many/much’ and weinig ‘few/little’
- 20.2.5. Modification of quantifiers
- 20.2.6. A note on the adverbial use of degree quantifiers
- 20.3. Quantitative er constructions
- 20.4. Partitive and pseudo-partitive constructions
- 20.5. Bibliographical notes
- 21 Predeterminers
- 21.0. Introduction
- 21.1. The universal quantifier al ‘all’ and its alternants
- 21.2. The predeterminer heel ‘all/whole’
- 21.3. A note on focus particles
- 21.4. Bibliographical notes
- 22 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- 23 Referential dependencies (binding)
- Syntax
-
- General
This section discusses relative clauses with coordinated antecedents. The discussion is mainly limited to conjunctive coordination with enand and disjunctive coordination with ofor. Some examples are given in (372) and (373). Further we will focus on those features of coordination that are relevant to the form and interpretation of the relative clause.
| a. | Jan speelt | straks | preludes en etudes | die hij onlangs gecomponeerd heeft. | |
| Jan plays | later | preludes and etudes | which he recently composed has | ||
| 'Later Jan will play preludes and etudes that he has recently composed.' | |||||
| b. | Jan speelt | straks | een prelude en een etude | die hij onlangs gecomponeerd heeft. | |
| Jan plays | later | a prelude and an etude | which he recently composed has | ||
| 'Later Jan will play a prelude and an etude which he has recently composed.' | |||||
| a. | Jan speelt | straks | preludes of etudes | die hij onlangs gecomponeerd heeft. | |
| Jan plays | later | preludes or etudes | which he recently composed has | ||
| 'Later Jan will play preludes or etudes that he has recently composed.' | |||||
| b. | Jan speelt | straks | een prelude of een etude | die hij onlangs gecomponeerd heeft. | |
| Jan plays | later | a prelude or an etude | which he recently composed has | ||
| 'Later Jan will play a prelude or an etude which he has recently composed.' | |||||
In (372) and (373) we are dealing with restrictive relative clauses, but we will see that modification by non-restrictive relative clauses is usually acceptable as well. The fact that the coordinated antecedents in these examples involve indefinite noun phrases and are headed by nouns of the same gender (non-neuter) is also accidental; coordinated antecedents may just as well involve definite noun phrases and, at least under certain circumstances, be headed by nouns of a different gender. The discussion will be restricted to cases with at most two conjuncts, despite the fact that in principle the number of coordinated elements is unlimited (although in practice their number is restricted by the limited capacity of short-term memory). Examples with three conjuncts with the conjunction en are given in (374a) and (374b) for restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses. Example (375) gives comparable examples with the disjunctive conjunction ofor.
| a. | De boeken, artikelen en recensies | die ik wil lezen, | bleken | niet | beschikbaar. | |
| the books articles and reviews | that I want read | proved | not | available | ||
| 'The books, articles and reviews that I want to read appeared not to be available.' | ||||||
| b. | Deze boeken, artikelen en recensies, | die ik wil lezen, | zijn niet beschikbaar. | |
| these books articles and reviews | which I want read | are not available | ||
| 'These books, articles and reviews, which I want to read, are not available.' | ||||
| a. | We mogen | honden, | katten | of andere huisdieren | die | geen overlast | bezorgen | houden. | |||||
| we may | dogs | cats | or other pets | which | no trouble | cause is | keep | ||||||
| 'We are allowed to keep dogs, cats or other pets that cause no trouble.' | |||||||||||||
| b. | We mogen | honden, | katten | of andere kleine huisdieren, | die | immers | geen overlast | bezorgen, | houden. | |
| we may | dogs | cats | or other small pets | |||||||
| which | after.all | no trouble | cause | keep | ||||||
| 'We are allowed to keep dogs, cats or other small pets, which after all do not cause any trouble.' | ||||||||||
Conjunctive and disjunctive coordination will be discussed separately in Sections 17.3.2.4.2 and 17.3.2.4.3, respectively. In both sections we will discuss constructions with different types of coordinated antecedents, e.g. coordinated plurals and coordinated singulars. However, Section 17.3.2.4.1 will begin with a more general discussion of the scope of the relative clause, i.e. the fact that relative constructions with a coordinated antecedent can lead to ambiguity concerning the size of the antecedent of the relative clause.
