- Dutch
- Frisian
- Saterfrisian
- Afrikaans
-
- Syntax
- Preface and acknowledgements
- Verbs and Verb Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of verb phrases I:Argument structure
- 3 Projection of verb phrases II:Verb frame alternations
- Introduction
- 3.1. Main types
- 3.2. Alternations involving the external argument
- 3.3. Alternations of noun phrases and PPs
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.3.1.1. Dative alternation with aan-phrases (recipients)
- 3.3.1.2. Dative alternation with naar-phrases (goals)
- 3.3.1.3. Dative alternation with van-phrases (sources)
- 3.3.1.4. Dative alternation with bij-phrases (possessors)
- 3.3.1.5. Dative alternation with voor-phrases (benefactives)
- 3.3.1.6. Conclusion
- 3.3.1.7. Bibliographical notes
- 3.3.2. Accusative/PP alternations
- 3.3.3. Nominative/PP alternations
- 3.3.1. Dative/PP alternations (dative shift)
- 3.4. Some apparent cases of verb frame alternation
- 3.5. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of verb phrases IIIa:Selection of clauses/verb phrases
- 5 Projection of verb phrases IIIb:Argument and complementive clauses
- Introduction
- 5.1. Finite argument clauses
- 5.2. Infinitival argument clauses
- 5.3. Complementive clauses
- 6 Projection of verb phrases IIIc:Complements of non-main verbs
- 7 Projection of verb phrases IIId:Verb clusters
- 8 Projection of verb phrases IV: Adverbial modification
- 9 Word order in the clause I:General introduction
- 10 Word order in the clause II:Position of the finite verb (verb-first/second)
- 11 Word order in the clause III:Clause-initial position (wh-movement)
- Introduction
- 11.1. The formation of V1- and V2-clauses
- 11.2. Clause-initial position remains (phonetically) empty
- 11.3. Clause-initial position is filled
- 12 Word order in the clause IV:Postverbal field (extraposition)
- 13 Word order in the clause V: Middle field (scrambling)
- 14 Main-clause external elements
- Nouns and Noun Phrases
- 1 Characterization and classification
- 2 Projection of noun phrases I: complementation
- Introduction
- 2.1. General observations
- 2.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 2.3. Clausal complements
- 2.4. Bibliographical notes
- 3 Projection of noun phrases II: modification
- Introduction
- 3.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 3.2. Premodification
- 3.3. Postmodification
- 3.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 3.3.2. Relative clauses
- 3.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 3.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 3.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 3.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 3.4. Bibliographical notes
- 4 Projection of noun phrases III: binominal constructions
- Introduction
- 4.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 4.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 4.3. Bibliographical notes
- 5 Determiners: articles and pronouns
- Introduction
- 5.1. Articles
- 5.2. Pronouns
- 5.3. Bibliographical notes
- 6 Numerals and quantifiers
- 7 Pre-determiners
- Introduction
- 7.1. The universal quantifier al 'all' and its alternants
- 7.2. The pre-determiner heel 'all/whole'
- 7.3. A note on focus particles
- 7.4. Bibliographical notes
- 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- 2 Projection of adjective phrases I: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adjective phrases II: Modification
- 4 Projection of adjective phrases III: Comparison
- 5 Attributive use of the adjective phrase
- 6 Predicative use of the adjective phrase
- 7 The partitive genitive construction
- 8 Adverbial use of the adjective phrase
- 9 Participles and infinitives: their adjectival use
- 10 Special constructions
- Adpositions and adpositional phrases
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Introduction
- 1.1. Characterization of the category adposition
- 1.2. A formal classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3. A semantic classification of adpositional phrases
- 1.3.1. Spatial adpositions
- 1.3.2. Temporal adpositions
- 1.3.3. Non-spatial/temporal prepositions
- 1.4. Borderline cases
- 1.5. Bibliographical notes
- 2 Projection of adpositional phrases: Complementation
- 3 Projection of adpositional phrases: Modification
- 4 Syntactic uses of the adpositional phrase
- 5 R-pronominalization and R-words
- 1 Characteristics and classification
- Coordination and Ellipsis
- Nouns and noun phrases (JANUARI 2025)
- 15 Characterization and classification
- 16 Projection of noun phrases I: Complementation
- 16.0. Introduction
- 16.1. General observations
- 16.2. Prepositional and nominal complements
- 16.3. Clausal complements
- 16.4. Bibliographical notes
- 17 Projection of noun phrases II: Modification
- 17.0. Introduction
- 17.1. Restrictive and non-restrictive modifiers
- 17.2. Premodification
- 17.3. Postmodification
- 17.3.1. Adpositional phrases
- 17.3.2. Relative clauses
- 17.3.3. Infinitival clauses
- 17.3.4. A special case: clauses referring to a proposition
- 17.3.5. Adjectival phrases
- 17.3.6. Adverbial postmodification
- 17.4. Bibliographical notes
- 18 Projection of noun phrases III: Binominal constructions
- 18.0. Introduction
- 18.1. Binominal constructions without a preposition
- 18.2. Binominal constructions with a preposition
- 18.3. Bibliographical notes
- 19 Determiners: Articles and pronouns
- 19.0. Introduction
- 19.1. Articles
- 19.2. Pronouns
- 19.3. Bibliographical notes
- 20 Numerals and quantifiers
- 20.0. Introduction
- 20.1. Numerals
- 20.2. Quantifiers
- 20.2.1. Introduction
- 20.2.2. Universal quantifiers: ieder/elk ‘every’ and alle ‘all’
- 20.2.3. Existential quantifiers: sommige ‘some’ and enkele ‘some’
- 20.2.4. Degree quantifiers: veel ‘many/much’ and weinig ‘few/little’
- 20.2.5. Modification of quantifiers
- 20.2.6. A note on the adverbial use of degree quantifiers
- 20.3. Quantitative er constructions
- 20.4. Partitive and pseudo-partitive constructions
- 20.5. Bibliographical notes
- 21 Predeterminers
- 21.0. Introduction
- 21.1. The universal quantifier al ‘all’ and its alternants
- 21.2. The predeterminer heel ‘all/whole’
- 21.3. A note on focus particles
- 21.4. Bibliographical notes
- 22 Syntactic uses of noun phrases
- 23 Referential dependencies (binding)
- Syntax
-
- General
The division of the noun phrase into a lexical domain (NP) and a functional domain (DP) with intermediate functional projections was first introduced in Abney (1987) and has since become widely accepted in generative grammar; cf. Alexiadou et al. (2007: Part II) for the historical background of the proposal and an overview of the empirical evidence that has been presented in support of this claim. Alexiadou et al. also include a detailed discussion of nominal features.
Most traditional Dutch grammars contain sections on noun classification. See, for example, Den Hertog (1973:53ff.), Rijpma & Schuringa (1978:95ff.), Van den Toorn (1981:149ff.), Luif (1986:110-1), Van Bart et al. (1998:10-13), Haeseryn et al. (1997:140ff.), and Klooster (2001:64-5). Rijkhoff (2002) provides a more typological classification of nouns.
For comprehensive overviews of noun formation, see De Haas & Trommelen (1993), Haeseryn et al. (1997), Putten (1997), Booij (2002/2020a), and Van der Wouden (2020). For a discussion of the restrictions on input verbs of deverbal constructions of various kinds, see Knopper (1984), Hoeksema (1984a), and Baaijen (1989). For discussions of er-nominalizations, see Booij (1986a, 1986b), Hoekstra (1986), and De Caluwe (1992, 1995). Discussions of the behavior of inf and ing-nominalizations can be found in Ten Cate (1977), Van Haaften et al. (1985), Dik (1985a), Hoekstra & Wehrmann (1985), Van Haaften et al. (1985), Hoekstra (1986), and Don (2015), while Van den Hoek (1972) and Mackenzie (1985a) deal exclusively with ge-nominalizations.
A more detailed discussion of the inheritance of arguments can be found in Chapter 16. Publications on this topic include Hoekstra (1984a, 1986), Dik (1985a, 1985b), Mackenzie (1985a, 1986), Booij (1986a, 1988, 1992b, 2002), and Booij & Van Haaften (1987). We have treated deverbal nouns and their complements in terms of inheritance because this seems to be generally accepted in various linguistic frameworks, but we should note that the inheritance approach is not uncontroversial. Van der Putten (1997:159-60), for example, has pointed out that the process of er-nominalization is not fully productive: not every verb can be an input to the process, and the denotation of the resulting noun is not fully predictable. For this reason, he argues for a lexical approach that describes deverbal nouns like er-nouns in terms of prototypes and marginal members, based on such lexical/semantic features as the animacy of the denoted entity and its original thematic role. Several other competing proposals have been put forward in generative grammar. The best-known example is the debate between the lexicalist and transformational approaches (Chomsky 1970), which focuses on the question of whether all nominalizations involve derivation (and, if not, which types involve derivation and which types are included in the lexicon as alternative realizations of an abstract lexical item). Another example is the distinction between the categorial and the thematic view (Hoekstra 1986), which focuses on the question of exactly what material is inherited in the case of nominalization. For a more detailed discussion, the reader is referred to the review in Alexiadou et al. (2007: Part IV), which also covers a number of more recent contributions to the discussion.
We are grateful to Hoeksema (2013) for his review of the earlier version of our discussion of nouns and noun phrases in this and the following chapters; we have made good use of most (but not all) of his critical points in preparing the revised version presented here; some disagreements are addressed where appropriate.
References
