Circumpositional phrases are generally spatial in nature, and R-pronominalization is quite productive. Below, we will group the examples according to the second member of the circumposition. As is shown in (72), circumpositional phrases with aan as their second member can readily be pronominalized.

      Adpositional phrases headed by van ... af'from' also allow pronominalization; it must however be noted that the van + NP part of the construction can also be replaced by an R-word, as in the perhaps slightly marginal example (73c).

      The examples in (74) show that R-pronominalization of circumpositional phrases with door as their second member give rise to fully acceptable results.

      Circumpositional phrases with heen as their second member, on the other hand, show mixed behavior: normally R-pronominalization is fine, but in the case of langs ... heen'along', which is somewhat marked anyway, the result is severely degraded. Recall that the circumposition om ... heen'around' differs from the preposition om'around' in that the latter cannot undergo R-pronominalization; cf. example (42).

      The examples in (76) show that circumpositional phrases with in as their second member are again fully compatible with R-pronominalization.

      The same thing seems to hold for circumpositional phrases with langs as their second member, although the resulting structures in (77b') feel perhaps somewhat uncomfortable; this may be due to the fact that the circumpositions boven/onder ... langs are not very commonly used.

      Circumpositional phrases with om as their second member seem exceptional in not readily allowing R-pronominalization; the primed examples in (78) are marginally acceptable at best. In passing, note that these examples become fully acceptable if er is omitted, which shows that achterom, voorom and buitenom can be used as intransitive adpositions; it is not clear to us whether this is related to the degraded status of the primed examples.

      Circumpositional phrases with tegen ... op'against' are again fully compatible with R-pronominalization.

      Circumpositional phrases with toe as their second member in (80) behave ambiguously. Whereas R-pronominalization of circumpositional phrases headed by naar ... toe'to' is perfectly acceptable, it is not possible if tot (aan) ... toe'up to' is the head. Recall that directional PPs headed by the preposition naar'to' do not allow R-pronominalization; cf. example (46).

For completeness' sake, note that Section 2.2.1, sub III, has argued that example (81a) does not involve a circumposition tot aan ... toe ; instead, we are dealing with the preposition tot , which takes as its complement a circumpositional positional phrase headed by the circumposition aan... toe . Example (81b) shows that this circumpositional phrase does allow R-pronominalization, albeit that the strong form daar in (81b) cannot be replaced by the phonetically weak form er . However, extraction of the R-word from the tot -phrase, as a result of which tot would get the stranded form toe , leads to an unacceptable result. This is shown in (81b').

      R-pronominalization is fully productive for circumpositional phrases with uit as their second member. We give some examples in (82); R-pronominalization of PPs headed by achter/tussen/voor ... uit (lit.: behind/between/in.front.of ... out) leads to equally acceptable results.

      The (a)- and (b)-examples in (83) show that circumpositional phrases with vandaan as their second member are normally compatible with R-pronominalization. The circumposition om ... vandaan is perhaps an exception, which may be due to the fact that this formation is restricted to the (somewhat marginal) phrase om de hoek vandaan.

For completeness' sake note that Section 2.2.1, sub I, has argued that example (84a) does not involve a circumposition van achter … vandaan ; instead, we are dealing with the preposition van , which takes as its complement a circumpositional positional phrase headed by the circumposition achter ... vandaan . The (b)-examples show that this circumpositional phrase does allow R-pronominalization, but that the R-word must remain within the PP headed by van .